To maintain LiFePO4 battery lifespan and ensure safe long-term operation, always follow the manufacturer’s recommended charging and discharging limits. LiFePO4 cells typically have an upper charging limit of approximately 3.65V per cell and a lower discharge limit of around 2.5V per cell, although the recommended operating range depends on the battery design. Always use a compatible Battery Management System (BMS) to protect against overcharging, over-discharging, excessive current, and short circuits. Avoid exposing batteries to extreme temperatures and operate them within the manufacturer’s specified temperature range. For long-term storage, maintain an appropriate state of charge (SOC), often around 50%, and store the battery in a cool, dry environment. Periodically check the battery’s condition and follow the manufacturer’s maintenance and cell-balancing recommendations. Proper charging, temperature control, and regular maintenance can help improve battery performance, safety, and overall service life.