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The lithium iron phosphate battery, also called LFP battery (with “LFP standing for “lithium ferrophosphate”) is a type of rechargeable battery, specifically a lithium-ion battery, which uses LiFePO4 as a cathode material and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic current collector grid as the anode. The specific capacity of LiFePO4 is higher than that of the related lithium cobalt oxide(LiCoO2) chemistry, but its energy density is slightly lower due to its low operating voltage.

The main problem of LiFePO4 is its low electrical conductivity. Therefore, all the LiFePO4 cathodes under consideration are actually LiFePO4/C. Because of low cost, ow toxicity, well-defined performance, long term stability, etc. LiFePO4 is fining a number of roles in vehicle use and backup power.

The LiFePO4 battery uses a lithium-ion-derived chemistry and shares many advantages and disadvantages with other lithium-ion battery chemistries. However, there are significant differences.

LFP chemistry offers a longer cycle life than other lithium-ion approaches.

Like nickel based rechargeable batteries (and unlike other lithium ion batteries), LiFePO4 batteries have a very constant discharge voltage. Voltage stays close to 3.2V during discharge until the cell is exhausted. This allows the cell to deliver virtually full power until it is discharged. And it can greatly simplify or even eliminate the need for voltage regulation circuitry.

Because of the nominal 3.2V output, four cells can be placed in series for a nominal voltage of 12.8V. This comes close to the nominal voltage of six-cell lead-acide batteries. And, along with the good safety characteristics of LFP batteries, this makes LFP a good potential replacement for lead-acid batteries in many applications such as automotive and solar applications, provided the charging systems are adapted not to damage the LFP cells through excessive charging voltages(beyond 3.6 volts DC per cell while under charge), temperature-based voltage compensation, equalization attempts or continuous trickle charging. The LFP cells must be at least balanced initially before the pack is assembled and a protection system also needs to be implemented to ensure no cell can be discharged below a voltage of 2.5V or severe damage will occur in most instances.

As LiFePO4 Battery is one of the recent technologies in the market, it has a long life and stable temperature. This is a relatively safe battery and has a wide range of products from standard power to high power.

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